Product & Services


What is LPG?

LPG is an acronym for Liquefied Petroleum Gas. It is made up of hydrocarbon gases namely Propane (C3 H8) and Butane (C4 H10). In its natural state and under ambient temperature and pressure, LPG is in gaseous form. For ease of storage and transportation, it is compressed and liquefied. LPG is produced from the refining of crude oil and processing of natural gas.

  • Colour

    Pure LPG in its natural state is colourless. Any colour of the liquid can be taken as an indication of contamination

  • Odour

    In its original state, LPG is odourless. Ethyl Mercaptan is added to give a peculiar smell so that any leakage is easily detected.

  • Composition

    LPG is generally a mixture of Propane (C3 H8) and Butane (C4 H10) on a 40:60 ratio.

  • Liquid/Gas Volume Ratio

    LPG is stored as a liquid under pressure. LPG is volatile and one volume of liquid will produce about 250 volumes of gas at ambient temperature and pressure. As such, leakage of even small quantities of LPG liquid can give rise to a large volume of vapour/air mixture and its presents a considerable hazard.

  • LPG Liquid Density

    LPG is liquid about half as heavy compared to water.

  • LPG Vapour Density

    LPG vapour is about 2 times heavier than air and will collect in low lying areas like drains, ditches and will flow at the ground level.

  • Liquid Expansion

    Propane will expand 18 times and Butane 14 times more than water for the same temperature increment. Due to high rate of expansion, LPG cylinders and tanks are filled up to only 85% of its volume, thus leaving sufficient ullage space to cater for this expansion.

  • Flammability Range

    LPG can form a flammable mixture when mixed with air. Even a small quantity of LPG vapour in air is flammable.

  • Vapour Pressure

    This is the equilibrium pressure at a given temperature in a closed container containing only LPG liquid and its vapour. For LPG at 30°C, the vapour pressure is about 70 psi.

  • Boiling Temperature

    This is the maximum temperature whereby a liquid will change to vapour at atmospheric pressure. Both Propane and Butane have low boiling temperatures of -42°C and -6°C respectively.

Gas PETRONAS

PRODUCT SPECIFICATION

PROPERTIES MIN MAX TEST METHOD
Composition (liquid) vol% - - D2163
(Propane + Butane) vol% 97 - -
*Propane, vol% 25 44 -
Pentane & heavier, vol% - - -
Copper corrosion (1 hr @ 37.8°C) - 1 D1838
Total Sulphur (stenched)** - - -
Ppm (wt) - 100 D3246
Mg/m³ - 200 D3246
Vapour pressure @ 37.8°C, kPa 380 830 D1267
Volatility (95% evaporated), °C - 2.2 D1837
Free water Nil Nil Visual
Density @ 15°C, kg/l - To be reported D1657
Gross Heating Value kcal/kg - On Request Calculated
Note
* Based on best endeavored basis, in case Propane exceed 44% vol, and the density of the mixture not less than 0.545 kg/l @ 15°C, the product is still acceptable.
** Stenched with Ethyl Mercaptan (12 mg/l minimum).
The above specification limits are subject to changes without prior notice